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  • Trust

    Trust

    • Acknowledgement of Trust (already own asset) - $165
    • Change Appointor and/or Guardian of Family Trust - $110
    • Change of Name of Family Trust - $88
    • Change Trustee of Family Trust - $110
    • Dealing with Forgiven Debts (White Paper) - $55
    • Debt Recognition (including pre-Div 7A Loans) - $33
    • Declaration of Trust (before you buy) - $99
    • Div 7A Loan Agreement - $65
    • Div 7A Loan Agreement for UPE - $55
    • Family Trust - $165
    • Family Trust - Streaming & Bamford Update - $165
    • Family Trust - Update to Allow Change of Appointor and Guardian - $165
    • Family Trust - Update to allow Sole Trustee - $55
    • Family Trust - Update to Exclude Foreign Persons (NSW) - $198
    • Family Trust - Vesting - $259
    • Forgiveness of Debt - $121
    • Opening Minutes for the Unit Trust - $33
    • Partnership Deed - $220
    • Release of Unpaid Trust Entitlement - $121
    • The new small business restructure roll-over rules in practice (White Paper) - $55
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2008/09 - $99
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2009/10 - $99
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2010/11 - $99
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2011/12 - $99
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2012/13 - Multi-Use - $350
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2012/13 - Single-Use - $110
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2013/14 - Multi-Use - $350
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2013/14 - Single-Use - $110
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2014/15 - Multi-Use - $350
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2014/15 - Single-Use - $110
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2015/16 - Multi-Use - $350
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2015/16 - Single-Use - $110
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2016/17 - Multi-Use - $350
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2016/17 - Single-Use - $110
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2017/18 - Multi-Use - $350
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2017/18 - Single-Use - $110
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2018/19 - Multi-Use - $350
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2018/19 - Single-Use - $110
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2019/20 - Multi-Use - $350
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2019/20 - Single-Use - $121
    • Unit Trust - $149
    • Unit Trust - Add New Member Kit - $110
    • Webinar Recording - All About Family Trusts - $66
    • Webinar Recording - Are Family Trusts “Done” as an Asset Protection Tool? - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Asset Protection - Dealing with Risk in Hard Times - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Beneficiary Entitlements in Trusts - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Family Trust v Family Court - Not a marriage made in Heaven - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Fixing Family Trust Deeds - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Know Thy Business Structure - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Managing Trust UPEs - How to do it and potential tax exposures - $77
    • Webinar Recording - The Powers and Problems of Trustees - $77
    • Webinar Recording - The Pros and Cons of Unit Trusts - $77
    • Webinar Recording - The who, what, when & how of Family Trust Elections - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Trust Tax Issues and CGT Small Business Concessions - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Trusts - Asset Protection on Peptides - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Trusts Revisited - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Unit Trust v Family Trust - Which is Better for Investing? - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Untangling Discretionary Trusts – A Family Lawyer’s Perspective - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Winding Up Trusts and Tax Consequences - $77
  • Superannuation

    Superannuation

    • Acknowledgement of Trust (already own asset) - $165
    • Commercial Lease - $250
    • Declaration of Trust (before you buy) - $99
    • Derivative Risk Statement for SMSF - $65
    • Investment Strategy for Self Managed Super 15/16 - $65
    • Investment Strategy for Self Managed Super 16/17 - $65
    • Investment Strategy for Self Managed Super 17/18 - $65
    • Investment Strategy for Self Managed Super 18/19 - $65
    • Investment Strategy for Self Managed Super 19/20 - $65
    • Pension Pack for Self Managed Super - $299
    • Product Disclosure Statement (general) - $66
    • Product Disclosure Statement (Pension only) - $99
    • Self Managed Superannuation Fund Deed - $149
    • SMSF - Minute to Appoint Administrator - $33
    • SMSF - Minute to Appoint an Auditor - $33
    • SMSF - Minute to Approve Financial Statements - $33
    • SMSF - Minute to Approve Financial Statements 07/08 - $33
    • SMSF - Minute to Approve Financial Statements 08/09 - $33
    • SMSF - Minute to Approve Financial Statements 09/10 - $33
    • SMSF - Minute to Insure The Members - $33
    • SMSF - Update Rules - $165
    • SMSF Full Valuation - $585
    • SMSF Kerbside Assessment - $415
    • SMSF Limited Recourse Borrowing Arrangement - $220
    • SMSF Restricted Commercial Property Assessment - $695
    • Statutory Declaration - $0
    • Webinar Recording - Accountant Road Rules for Super - $77
    • Webinar Recording - How does the 2016 Budget affect SMSF Trustees? - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Investment Restrictions for Self Managed Superannuation Funds - $75
    • Webinar Recording - Pitfalls that SMSF Trustees should avoid - $77
    • Webinar Recording - SMSF End of Year Essentials - $77
    • Webinar Recording - SMSFs and Related Party Loans - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Superannuation: Current status of the proposed changes - $77
    • Webinar Recording - The Protected Super Myth’Conception - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Time to Address the SMSF Sleeper - Estate Planning within the fund - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Tips and Traps for Property Investment in your SMSF - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Understanding the 2017 Superannuation Changes - $77
  • Estate Planning

    Estate Planning

    • Buy Sell Agreement Company - $197
    • Capital Gains Tax Asset Register kit - $33
    • Codicil to change the Executor - $99
    • Confidentiality Agreement (Non Disclosure) - $99
    • Debt Recognition (including pre-Div 7A Loans) - $33
    • Enduring Power of Attorney - NSW - $55
    • Enduring Power of Attorney - SA - $55
    • Enduring Power of Attorney - WA - $55
    • Enduring Power of Attorney (Financial, Personal/Health) - QLD - $55
    • Enduring Power of Guardianship - NSW - $55
    • Enduring Power of Guardianship - WA - $55
    • Power Of Attorney By Company - $99
    • Webinar Recording - Estate Planning Basics for Professional Advisers - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Time to Address the SMSF Sleeper - Estate Planning within the fund - $77
    • Webinar Recording - When a Will is not Simple - $77
    • Will - Married or Defacto No Children - $95
    • Will - Married or Defacto with Children - $95
    • Will - Single No Children - $110
    • Will - Single With Children - $110
  • Commercial

    Commercial

    • Advanced Legal Health Check for Businesses - $18
    • Buy a House with Friends Agreement - $110
    • Commercial Lease - $250
    • Commercial Property Valuation Request - $0
    • Confidentiality Agreement (Non Disclosure) - $99
    • Co-Owners Agreement - $110
    • Dealing with Forgiven Debts (White Paper) - $55
    • Debt Recognition (including pre-Div 7A Loans) - $33
    • Debt Recovery Kit - Qld - $44
    • Declaration of Trust (before you buy) - $99
    • Demand and Statement of Claim for Debt - NSW - $88
    • Demand and Summons for Debt - VIC - $88
    • Demand and Summons for Debt - WA - $88
    • Div 7A Loan Agreement - $65
    • Div 7A Loan Agreement for UPE - $55
    • Forgiveness of Debt - $121
    • Loan Agreement (No Security) - $110
    • Release of Unpaid Trust Entitlement - $121
    • Statutory Declaration - $0
    • Terms of Trade (Non ROT) - $132
    • The new small business restructure roll-over rules in practice (White Paper) - $55
    • Webinar Recording - Avoiding Business Disputes - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Maximising your Business Value - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Navigating Small Business Restructure Roll-overs - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Small Business Tax and Financial Risks - $77
  • Employment

    Employment

    • Confidentiality Agreement (Non Disclosure) - $99
    • Employment - Conduct Issues Letter - $33
    • Employment - Employee Expenses Policy - $55
    • Employment - Performance Issues Letter - $33
    • Employment - Request for Medical Information - $33
    • Employment - Termination Letter - $33
    • Employment - Transferring Employee Letter - $33
    • Employment Contract - $99
    • Independent Contractors Agreement - $99
    • Partnership Deed - $220
    • Statutory Declaration - $0
    • Webinar Recording - Are you Ready for Bullying in the Workplace? - $66
    • Webinar Recording - Employee Engagement and Share Plans - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Employee v Contractor - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Social Media in the Workplace - $77
  • Company

    Company

    • Acknowledgement of Trust (already own asset) - $165
    • Adopt Committee Recommendations kit - $33
    • Appoint a Committee kit - $33
    • Appoint an Alternate Director kit - $33
    • Appoint Managing Director & Confer Powers kit - $33
    • Build a Company - $99
    • Build a Company (ELodgement) - $625
    • Buy a House with Friends Agreement - $110
    • Buy Sell Agreement Company - $197
    • Capital Gains Tax Asset Register kit - $33
    • Change Registered Office kit - $33
    • Commercial Lease - $250
    • Company Constitution Update - $99
    • Confidentiality Agreement (Non Disclosure) - $99
    • Co-Owners Agreement - $110
    • Debt Recognition (including pre-Div 7A Loans) - $33
    • Declaration of Trust (before you buy) - $99
    • Demand and Statement of Claim for Debt - NSW - $88
    • Demand and Summons for Debt - VIC - $88
    • Demand and Summons for Debt - WA - $88
    • Director‘s Indemnity Agreement - Compulsory Insurance - $197
    • Director‘s Indemnity Agreement - No Insurance - $197
    • Directors Conflict of Interest Kit - $44
    • Div 7A Loan Agreement - $65
    • Div 7A Loan Agreement for UPE - $55
    • Employment Contract - $99
    • Family Trust - Vesting - $259
    • Forgiveness of Debt - $121
    • Independent Contractors Agreement - $99
    • Loan Agreement (No Security) - $110
    • Minutes for Members to Inspect Books - $33
    • Minutes for Resigning Director - $33
    • Opening Minutes for the Unit Trust - $33
    • Partnership Deed - $220
    • Power Of Attorney By Company - $99
    • Release of Unpaid Trust Entitlement - $121
    • Remove a Managing Director kit - $33
    • Remove and Replace a Director kit - $44
    • Replace Company Secretary kit - $44
    • Self Managed Superannuation Fund Deed - $149
    • Statutory Declaration - $0
    • Terms of Trade (Non ROT) - $132
    • Transfer of Shares Kit - $0
    • Unit Trust - $149
    • Unit Trust - Add New Member Kit - $110
    • Webinar Recording - Companies - Things you should know, but probably don’t! - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Know Thy Business Structure - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Private Company Cash - Division 7A Complications for Professional Advisors - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Year End Tax Planning - $77
  • Webinars

    Webinars

    • Webinar Recording - Accessing Company & Trust Documents in Family Law - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Accountant Road Rules for Super - $77
    • Webinar Recording - All About Family Trusts - $66
    • Webinar Recording - Are Family Trusts “Done” as an Asset Protection Tool? - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Are you Ready for Bullying in the Workplace? - $66
    • Webinar Recording - Asset Protection - Dealing with Risk in Hard Times - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Avoiding Business Disputes - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Beneficiary Entitlements in Trusts - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Companies - Things you should know, but probably don’t! - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Dealing with Divorce - An Accountant’s Perspective - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Dealing with Mistakes and Variations in Family Trust Deeds - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Demise of the Accountants’ Exemption - Walking the line, post 1 July 2016 - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Distributing Capital from Family Trusts - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Do Pre-Nups Work Anymore? - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Employee Engagement and Share Plans - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Employee v Contractor - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Estate Planning Basics for Professional Advisers - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Family Trust v Family Court - Not a marriage made in Heaven - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Fixing Family Trust Deeds - $77
    • Webinar Recording - How does the 2016 Budget affect SMSF Trustees? - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Investment Restrictions for Self Managed Superannuation Funds - $75
    • Webinar Recording - Know Thy Business Structure - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Managing Trust UPEs - How to do it and potential tax exposures - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Maximising your Business Value - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Navigating Small Business Restructure Roll-overs - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Pitfalls that SMSF Trustees should avoid - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Private Company Cash - Division 7A Complications for Professional Advisors - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Project Do It - ATO Amnesty Information Session - $0
    • Webinar Recording - Small Business Tax and Financial Risks - $77
    • Webinar Recording - SMSF End of Year Essentials - $77
    • Webinar Recording - SMSFs and Related Party Loans - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Social Media in the Workplace - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Stimulus measures and year-end tax planning for companies and trusts - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Superannuation: Current status of the proposed changes - $77
    • Webinar Recording - The Powers and Problems of Trustees - $77
    • Webinar Recording - The Pros and Cons of Unit Trusts - $77
    • Webinar Recording - The Protected Super Myth’Conception - $77
    • Webinar Recording - The who, what, when & how of Family Trust Elections - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Time to Address the SMSF Sleeper - Estate Planning within the fund - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Tips and Traps for Property Investment in your SMSF - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Trust Tax Issues and CGT Small Business Concessions - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Trusts - Asset Protection on Peptides - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Trusts Revisited - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Understanding the 2017 Superannuation Changes - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Unit Trust v Family Trust - Which is Better for Investing? - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Untangling Discretionary Trusts – A Family Lawyer’s Perspective - $77
    • Webinar Recording - When a Will is not Simple - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Winding Up Trusts and Tax Consequences - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Year End Tax Planning - $77
    • Webinar Recording - You’ve Been Served! - How to deal with a family law subpoena - $77
    • webinar20201125 - Webinar Test 2 - $88
  • All documents

    All documents

    • Acknowledgement of Trust (already own asset) - $165
    • Adopt Committee Recommendations kit - $33
    • Advanced Legal Health Check for Businesses - $18
    • Appoint a Committee kit - $33
    • Appoint an Alternate Director kit - $33
    • Appoint Managing Director & Confer Powers kit - $33
    • Build a Company - $99
    • Build a Company (ELodgement) - $625
    • Buy a House with Friends Agreement - $110
    • Buy Sell Agreement Company - $197
    • Capital Gains Tax Asset Register kit - $33
    • Change Appointor and/or Guardian of Family Trust - $110
    • Change of Name of Family Trust - $88
    • Change Registered Office kit - $33
    • Change Trustee of Family Trust - $110
    • Codicil to change the Executor - $99
    • Commercial Lease - $250
    • Commercial Property Valuation Request - $0
    • Company Constitution Update - $99
    • Confidentiality Agreement (Non Disclosure) - $99
    • Co-Owners Agreement - $110
    • Dealing with Forgiven Debts (White Paper) - $55
    • Debt Recognition (including pre-Div 7A Loans) - $33
    • Debt Recovery Kit - Qld - $44
    • Declaration of Trust (before you buy) - $99
    • Demand and Statement of Claim for Debt - NSW - $88
    • Demand and Summons for Debt - VIC - $88
    • Demand and Summons for Debt - WA - $88
    • Derivative Risk Statement for SMSF - $65
    • Director‘s Indemnity Agreement - Compulsory Insurance - $197
    • Director‘s Indemnity Agreement - No Insurance - $197
    • Directors Conflict of Interest Kit - $44
    • Disclaimer - Email - $55
    • Div 7A Loan Agreement - $65
    • Div 7A Loan Agreement for UPE - $55
    • Employment - Conduct Issues Letter - $33
    • Employment - Employee Expenses Policy - $55
    • Employment - Performance Issues Letter - $33
    • Employment - Request for Medical Information - $33
    • Employment - Termination Letter - $33
    • Employment - Transferring Employee Letter - $33
    • Employment Contract - $99
    • Enduring Power of Attorney - NSW - $55
    • Enduring Power of Attorney - SA - $55
    • Enduring Power of Attorney - WA - $55
    • Enduring Power of Attorney (Financial, Personal/Health) - QLD - $55
    • Enduring Power of Guardianship - NSW - $55
    • Enduring Power of Guardianship - WA - $55
    • Family Trust - $165
    • Family Trust - Streaming & Bamford Update - $165
    • Family Trust - Update to Allow Change of Appointor and Guardian - $165
    • Family Trust - Update to allow Sole Trustee - $55
    • Family Trust - Update to Exclude Foreign Persons (NSW) - $198
    • Family Trust - Vesting - $259
    • Forgiveness of Debt - $121
    • Independent Contractors Agreement - $99
    • Investment Strategy for Self Managed Super 15/16 - $65
    • Investment Strategy for Self Managed Super 16/17 - $65
    • Investment Strategy for Self Managed Super 17/18 - $65
    • Investment Strategy for Self Managed Super 18/19 - $65
    • Investment Strategy for Self Managed Super 19/20 - $65
    • Loan Agreement (No Security) - $110
    • Minutes for Members to Inspect Books - $33
    • Minutes for Resigning Director - $33
    • Opening Minutes for the Unit Trust - $33
    • Partnership Deed - $220
    • Pension Pack for Self Managed Super - $299
    • Power Of Attorney By Company - $99
    • Product Disclosure Statement (general) - $66
    • Product Disclosure Statement (Pension only) - $99
    • Release of Unpaid Trust Entitlement - $121
    • Remove a Managing Director kit - $33
    • Remove and Replace a Director kit - $44
    • Replace Company Secretary kit - $44
    • Self Managed Superannuation Fund Deed - $149
    • SMSF - Minute to Appoint Administrator - $33
    • SMSF - Minute to Appoint an Auditor - $33
    • SMSF - Minute to Approve Financial Statements - $33
    • SMSF - Minute to Approve Financial Statements 07/08 - $33
    • SMSF - Minute to Approve Financial Statements 08/09 - $33
    • SMSF - Minute to Approve Financial Statements 09/10 - $33
    • SMSF - Minute to Insure The Members - $33
    • SMSF - Update Rules - $165
    • SMSF Full Valuation - $585
    • SMSF Kerbside Assessment - $415
    • SMSF Limited Recourse Borrowing Arrangement - $220
    • SMSF Restricted Commercial Property Assessment - $695
    • SMSF Subscription - $99
    • Statutory Declaration - $0
    • Terms of Trade (Non ROT) - $132
    • The new small business restructure roll-over rules in practice (White Paper) - $55
    • Transfer of Shares Kit - $0
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2008/09 - $99
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2009/10 - $99
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2010/11 - $99
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2011/12 - $99
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2012/13 - Multi-Use - $350
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2012/13 - Single-Use - $110
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2013/14 - Multi-Use - $350
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2013/14 - Single-Use - $110
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2014/15 - Multi-Use - $350
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2014/15 - Single-Use - $110
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2015/16 - Multi-Use - $350
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2015/16 - Single-Use - $110
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2016/17 - Multi-Use - $350
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2016/17 - Single-Use - $110
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2017/18 - Multi-Use - $350
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2017/18 - Single-Use - $110
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2018/19 - Multi-Use - $350
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2018/19 - Single-Use - $110
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2019/20 - Multi-Use - $350
    • Trust Distribution Minutes Library for 2019/20 - Single-Use - $121
    • Unit Trust - $149
    • Unit Trust - Add New Member Kit - $110
    • Webinar Recording - Accessing Company & Trust Documents in Family Law - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Accountant Road Rules for Super - $77
    • Webinar Recording - All About Family Trusts - $66
    • Webinar Recording - Are Family Trusts “Done” as an Asset Protection Tool? - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Are you Ready for Bullying in the Workplace? - $66
    • Webinar Recording - Asset Protection - Dealing with Risk in Hard Times - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Avoiding Business Disputes - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Beneficiary Entitlements in Trusts - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Companies - Things you should know, but probably don’t! - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Dealing with Divorce - An Accountant’s Perspective - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Dealing with Mistakes and Variations in Family Trust Deeds - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Demise of the Accountants’ Exemption - Walking the line, post 1 July 2016 - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Distributing Capital from Family Trusts - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Do Pre-Nups Work Anymore? - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Employee Engagement and Share Plans - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Employee v Contractor - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Estate Planning Basics for Professional Advisers - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Family Trust v Family Court - Not a marriage made in Heaven - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Fixing Family Trust Deeds - $77
    • Webinar Recording - How does the 2016 Budget affect SMSF Trustees? - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Investment Restrictions for Self Managed Superannuation Funds - $75
    • Webinar Recording - Know Thy Business Structure - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Managing Trust UPEs - How to do it and potential tax exposures - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Maximising your Business Value - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Navigating Small Business Restructure Roll-overs - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Pitfalls that SMSF Trustees should avoid - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Private Company Cash - Division 7A Complications for Professional Advisors - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Project Do It - ATO Amnesty Information Session - $0
    • Webinar Recording - Small Business Tax and Financial Risks - $77
    • Webinar Recording - SMSF End of Year Essentials - $77
    • Webinar Recording - SMSFs and Related Party Loans - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Social Media in the Workplace - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Stimulus measures and year-end tax planning for companies and trusts - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Superannuation: Current status of the proposed changes - $77
    • Webinar Recording - The Powers and Problems of Trustees - $77
    • Webinar Recording - The Pros and Cons of Unit Trusts - $77
    • Webinar Recording - The Protected Super Myth’Conception - $77
    • Webinar Recording - The who, what, when & how of Family Trust Elections - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Time to Address the SMSF Sleeper - Estate Planning within the fund - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Tips and Traps for Property Investment in your SMSF - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Trust Tax Issues and CGT Small Business Concessions - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Trusts - Asset Protection on Peptides - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Trusts Revisited - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Understanding the 2017 Superannuation Changes - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Unit Trust v Family Trust - Which is Better for Investing? - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Untangling Discretionary Trusts – A Family Lawyer’s Perspective - $77
    • Webinar Recording - When a Will is not Simple - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Winding Up Trusts and Tax Consequences - $77
    • Webinar Recording - Year End Tax Planning - $77
    • Webinar Recording - You’ve Been Served! - How to deal with a family law subpoena - $77
    • webinar20201125 - Webinar Test 2 - $88
    • Website Terms And Conditions - $99
    • Will - Married or Defacto No Children - $95
    • Will - Married or Defacto with Children - $95
    • Will - Single No Children - $110
    • Will - Single With Children - $110
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Print Version Back

The Enforceability of Pre-Registration (Pre-Incorporation) Contracts

Issue: 531 - Tuesday, 20 March 2018

In this Issue

  1. The Enforceability of Pre-Registration (Pre-Incorporation) Contracts

1. The Enforceability of Pre-Registration (Pre-Incorporation) Contracts

by John Wojtowicz (Director - Law Central Legal)

To best understand the concept of pre-registration contracts, it would be helpful to first consider a hypothetical situation. Mr. Smith decides he is going to start a company called Smith’s Shoes. The company is to sell shoes and be incorporated in Australia under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). Before he gets to incorporate the company, Mr. Smith finds the perfect property for him to sell shoes from. The seller of the property is willing to give Mr. Smith a bargain price, but it has to be purchased right away. Mr. Smith signs the contract on the behalf of ‘Smith’s Shoes Pty Ltd’ despite the fact that the company doesn’t exist yet. Alternatively, Mr. Smith might enter into a contract for the supply of shoes under the name ‘Smith’s Shoes Pty Ltd’ before he has registered the company. In both situations, Mr. Smith has endeavoured to contract on behalf of a company which doesn’t exist because it hasn’t been registered. This is known as a pre-registration contract.

Historically and in other jurisdictions, pre-registration contracts have also been referred to as pre-incorporation contracts. The current Australian legislation refers to them as ‘pre-registration contracts,’ making it the preferred term. However, it is useful to know the terms have been used interchangeably. Pre-registration contracts have been legislated in Part 2B.3 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). This includes sections 131, 132, and 133. Section 133 makes it clear that part 2B.3 is intended to replace any rights or liabilities anyone might otherwise have had in relation to pre-registration contracts. This means the previous statutory provisions and the common law can no longer be relied upon for establishing rights and liabilities.

Under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), the company becomes bound by the contract and entitled to its benefit if the company, or a company that is reasonably identifiable with it, is registered and ratifies the contract within the agreed time period or, if no time was agreed upon, within a reasonable time after the contract was entered into. If the company is not registered or the company is registered but does not ratify the contract or enter into a substitute for it, again within the time agreed or within a reasonable time after the contract was entered into, then the agent entering the contract on behalf of the unregistered company may be held liable for damages. Each of the requirements and specific liabilities are discussed in this bulletin. 

Recently, there has been a substantial increase in the ease and speed in which you can register a company due to the use of shelf companies and more recently, the ability to register a company online. Due to the rising use of online company registration, pre-registration contracts no longer experience widespread use. Most people in the situation of Mr. Smith would register a company online and be able to use it almost right away to sign the contract. However, not everyone chooses to register their company online and pre-registration contracts still experience some use.

Which Contracts will be deemed a pre-registration contract?

The meaning of a pre-registration contract is included in the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth). Section 131(1) begins:

“If a person enters into, or purports to enter into, a contract on behalf of, or for the benefit of, a company before it is registered …”.

Because of this section, the law relating to pre-registration contracts will not be applicable if the company in question has been incorporated before the contract is made. This issue was firmly decided by the courts in Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Australian Solar Information Pty Ltd (1986) 11 ACLR 380. The court ruled that the law of pre-registration contracts was not applicable when a shelf company was used to enter into a contract before the shelf company was renamed to suit the business purpose.

Company is reasonably identifiable with: 

As specified by s 131(1) of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), an unregistered company must be reasonably identifiable if the contract is to be binding. The most obvious solution to this problem would be to register the company under the same name that was used to enter into the contract. Mr. Smith could sign the contract on the behalf of ‘Smith’s Shoes Pty Ltd’ and then register ‘Smith’s Shoes’ as a proprietary limited company. The company would be reasonably identifiable with the one that entered into the contract.  Using the same name may not always be a possible or desirable solution. A company may still be deemed to be reasonably identifiable even if it is named differently. This is possible where the facts surrounding the contract clearly show that the registered company is the company which was intended to be contracted with. A well-prepared pre-registration contract will make it clear who the parties to the contract are, even if the company is unable to register the exact same name. It may be the case that a company which has the same name, but is substantially different to the company that is a party to the contract, will not be held as reasonably identifiable.

The Contract is Ratified:

For the company to be bound by the contract under s131(1) of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), it must be ratified by the company within a certain time frame. In all cases, registration of the company must take place before the company can ratify the contract. A company which is not registered technically does not exist, therefore it cannot ratify a contact. If the agent and the other party to the contract have agreed to a time, then the registration of the company and the subsequent ratification must be completed within the agreed upon time. If no time frame for registration and ratification has been agreed upon, then it must be done by the company within a reasonable amount of time after the contract is entered into. If the time frame requirements are not met, then the contract will may be deemed enforceable under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth).

What will constitute ratification was outlined by Basten JA in Aztech Science v Atlanta Aerospace (Woy Woy) [2005] NSWCA 319. Ratification may be express or implied by the company. A contract will be expressly ratified by a company when the company’s language or conduct specifically acknowledges the contract as their own. Implied ratification will occur when the company does not expressly acknowledge the contract as its own, but acts in a manner which is only explainable by the acceptance of the contract as its own. In determining ratification, the concept of an ‘act’ includes positive acts made, as well as omissions or failure to act. Basten JA held that in some cases it will be necessary to communicate the ratification to the other party, yet in other circumstances it may not be necessary. An usual circumstance where communication may not be deemed necessary for ratification, is when there is only a small time frame left in which to ratify. In those circumstances, an internal act of governance by the company which adopts the contract might be sufficient to meet the ratification requirement.

Liability:

If the company successfully registers and ratifies the contract, then they will be held as bound by that contract. The company will then hold all the entitlements and obligations which come from being a party to the contract. Failure to perform the required obligations means they will be liable for breach of contract. If a company breaches the contract after ratifying it, statute allows the court the discretion to hold the contracting agent liable to pay all, or part of, the damages the company is ordered to pay for the breach of contract.

If the company is not registered, then the agent will be liable to pay damages to the other parties to the contract. The amount of damages the agent will be required to pay, is equal to the amount of damages the company would have paid if the contract was ratified but not performed.

If the company is registered but the company does not ratify the contract or enter into a substitute contract, then the agent will have the same liability as if the company had not been registered. However, in these circumstances the court may do anything it considers appropriate in the circumstances, including ordering the company to do one or more of the following: pay all or part of the damages the agent is liable to pay; transfer property the company received under the contract, and/or pay an amount to a party to the contract.

The Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) imposes a high level of liability onto the contracting agent of a pre-registration contract. The law allows the agent to be released from this liability if the other parties to the contract sign a release of liability. However, even after the release, the agent will not have any right of indemnity against the company regarding their liability under the law of pre-registration contracts.

Gold and platinum members read on for information on changing the agreed time frame for ratification.  

Platinum Members, click here to view content

Disclaimer: The content of this Bulletin is general information only. It is not legal advice. Law Central recommends you seek professional advice before taking any action based on the content of this Bulletin.

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